Healthy and Unhealthy Family Functioning among Pashtun and Uzbek Ethnic Groups: A McMaster Model Analysis

Abstract

Ethnic differences in family functioning characteristics are a key topic in psychology and family therapy, requiring careful investigation. This study aimed to explore differences in role performance, problem-solving abilities, general functioning, behavior control, emotional involvement, and family cohesion between Pashtun and Uzbek ethnic groups in Afghanistan using the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD). The statistical population consisted of 480 individuals (160 families) from the Pashtun and Uzbek ethnic groups, selected through a combination of purposive and convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 and the chi-square (χ²) test. Results indicated that the Uzbek ethnic group showed a significant tendency toward unhealthy functioning in role performance and behavioral control (χ² = 20.25, p = 0.01). In contrast, the Pashtun group exhibited healthier functioning in emotional involvement (χ² = 17.64, p = 0.001), behavior control, and family cohesion (χ² = 18.49, p = 0.001). However, no significant difference was found in general functioning (p = 0.223). Both groups showed no significant differences in affective responsiveness, communication, and general family functioning (p > 0.05). These findings highlight ethnic differences in family functioning in Afghanistan and can serve as a basis for targeted psychological interventions and future research.