The Particle 'Hattā' in the Qur’an: A Syntactic and Semantic Study

Abstract

This study aims to examine the grammatical roles and effects on sentence structure and context interpretation of the (Hattā) in the Qur’an from a syntactic-semantic perspective. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the study examines all instances of (Hattā) in the Qur’anic text, focusing on its syntactic location and grammatical role, in line with classical grammarians and interpreters, while also noting differences in semantic interpretations. Findings show that (Hattā) has several uses: as a Nasb particle of the verbs to show future or verbal noun to show purpose or action continuity, as an initiating particle to denote goal completion, as a Jar particle defining temporal or spatial boundaries, and, very sparingly, as a coordinating particle. Its grammatical position links nouns, verbs, and clauses, thereby establishing relationships of cause and effect as well as the temporal extent or end of events. Divergent academic viewpoints surface: some Kufian scholars reject its coordinating function, while exegetes focus on the rhetorical and semantic dimensions of its use, considering that the diversity of its types reflects the Qur’anic eloquence in expressing purpose and temporal extension. Therefore, the research underscores the value of (Hattā) in improving syntactic and semantic comprehension of the Qur’anic text, broadening knowledge of its structural background, and supporting Arabic grammar teaching and subtle understanding of Qur’anic meanings.