بررسی عوامل سیاسی در گسترش و تکوین مذهب حنفی در سال دوم هجری

Abstract

The Hanafi school of thought, one of the earliest and most influential Islamic jurisprudential schools,emerged and gained widespread acceptance among Muslims during the early second century AH. This study explores the political factors that contributed to its formation, expansion, and institutionalization. Using a qualitative historical analysis, the research examines primary and secondary sources related to the life and political context of Imam Abu Hanifa (may Allah have mercy on him), as well as the political dynamics of the Umayyad and Abbasid periods. The findings indicate that political conditions and the interaction between scholars and ruling authorities significantly influenced the development of the Hanafi school’s methodologies and legal frameworks. Political powers sought to harness the school’s scholarly influence to legitimize their rule and maintain social stability, although Imam Abu Hanifa himself resisted direct political engagement, including his refusal to assume judicial office. The discussion highlights how these interactions shaped both the intellectual coherence and the social authority of the Hanafi school, ensuring its lasting prominence in Islamic jurisprudence.