Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/baadmin/public_html/bjss.ba.edu.af/plugins/generic/citationStyleLanguage/lib/vendor/seboettg/citeproc-php/src/StyleSheet.php on line 52

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Seboettg\CiteProc\Root\Info::$category is deprecated in /home/baadmin/public_html/bjss.ba.edu.af/plugins/generic/citationStyleLanguage/lib/vendor/seboettg/citeproc-php/src/Root/Info.php on line 62

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Seboettg\CiteProc\Root\Info::$summary is deprecated in /home/baadmin/public_html/bjss.ba.edu.af/plugins/generic/citationStyleLanguage/lib/vendor/seboettg/citeproc-php/src/Root/Info.php on line 62

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Seboettg\CiteProc\Root\Info::$updated is deprecated in /home/baadmin/public_html/bjss.ba.edu.af/plugins/generic/citationStyleLanguage/lib/vendor/seboettg/citeproc-php/src/Root/Info.php on line 62

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Seboettg\CiteProc\Root\Info::$rights is deprecated in /home/baadmin/public_html/bjss.ba.edu.af/plugins/generic/citationStyleLanguage/lib/vendor/seboettg/citeproc-php/src/Root/Info.php on line 62

Ekrami, Mohammad Dawood. “Samanid Administrative System: A Reflection of Management in Islamic History”. Balkh International Journal of Social Science 1, no. 2 (August 2, 2026): 133–144. Accessed August 23, 2026. https://bjss.ba.edu.af/index.php/bjss/article/view/70.